LAN and WLAN: Knowledge Base

A LAN (Local Area Network) is a local computer network that connects devices within a limited area such as an office, factory, school, or home. It enables fast data transfer between connected devices, such as computers and printers, allowing file and resource sharing.

A WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network) is a type of local computer network that connects devices without using cables, utilizing radio waves (WiFi). It allows access to the Internet and data sharing between devices such as computers, smartphones, or printers within a defined area, like a factory or office.

A VPN (Virtual Private Network) is a technology that creates a secure, encrypted tunnel for data transmitted over the Internet. It allows connection to other networks, such as corporate or private networks, even when using public Internet access. This ensures secure remote work with access to company resources as if you were on-site.

The main difference between WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network) and LAN (Local Area Network) lies in the method of connecting devices. WLAN connects devices wirelessly using radio waves, enabling user mobility within the network. In contrast, LAN connects devices via cables, typically providing faster and more stable connections but limiting mobility.

Network topology refers to the arrangement and connection of devices in a computer network. It describes both the physical layout of cables and devices as well as the logical structure of connections and data flow. Network topologies can take various forms, such as star, ring, bus, mesh, or tree, each offering specific advantages and applications depending on network requirements. Modern networks often combine selected topology types.

• Star Topology – All devices are connected to a central point (e.g., switch), making management and problem isolation easier.
• Ring Topology – Devices are connected in a closed loop where each device forwards data to the next.
• Bus Topology – All devices are connected to a single main cable, which is simple to set up but may be less reliable.
• Mesh Topology – Each device is directly connected to every other device, ensuring high reliability and fast data transmission, though it is costly and complex to install.
• Tree Topology – A variation of star topology that connects multiple stars in a hierarchical structure resembling a tree, suitable for large networks.

The most common types of network attacks include phishing attacks, where users are tricked into revealing personal information or passwords. Man-in-the-middle attacks occur when an attacker intercepts communication between two parties to gain access to transmitted data. DoS (Denial of Service) and DDoS (Distributed Denial of Service) attacks aim to disrupt internet services by overwhelming them with excessive requests.

An Access Point is a device in a computer network that allows wireless devices, such as laptops, smartphones, or tablets, to connect to the local network (LAN) and access the Internet via radio waves. The access point acts as a bridge between wireless devices and the wired network, enabling communication between different network devices and access to network resources and the Internet.

SSID (Service Set Identifier) is the name of a wireless network that you see when searching for available Wi-Fi connections on your device. It is a unique name that identifies a specific WLAN, allowing users to select and connect to the correct network. An SSID can be open and visible to everyone, making it easy to find and connect, or hidden, requiring users to manually enter the network name to connect.